2016NEW Cisco.CCIE.(400-101)EXAM] CCIE Routing and Switching EXAM A PART4 (61-80) VCE DUMPS FOR FREE DOWNLOAD WITH 100%PASS ENSURE

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QUESTION 61

Refer to the exhibit.

All switches have default bridge priorities, and originate BPDUs with MAC addresses as indicated. The numbers shown are STP link metrics. Which two ports are

forwarding traffic after STP converges? (Choose two.)

A. The port connecting switch SWD with switch SWE

B. The port connecting switch SWG with switch SWFC. The port connecting switch SWC with switch SWE

D. The port connecting switch SWB with switch SWC

Correct Answer: CD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Here, we know SWB to SWC are forwarding because we already identified the blocking port. So for the last correct answer let’s consider what must be done to

prevent a switch loop between SWC/SWD/SWE. SWE to SWD will be blocked because SWC has a lower MAC address so it wins the forwarding port. And to look

at it further, you could try to further understand what would happen with ports on SWG. Would the ports on SWG try to go through SWE or SWF? SWE has the

lower MAC address so the port from SWG to SWE would win the forwarding election.

Therefore, answer B could never be correct.

QUESTION 62

Refer to the exhibit.

Which three statements about the output are true? (Choose three.)

A. An mrouter port can be learned by receiving a PIM hello packet from a multicast router.

B. This switch is configured as a multicast router.

C. Gi2/0/1 is a trunk link that connects to a multicast router.

D. An mrouter port is learned when a multicast data stream is received on that port from a multicast router.

E. This switch is not configured as a multicast router. It is configured only for IGMP snooping.

F. IGMP reports are received only on Gi2/0/1 and are never transmitted out Gi2/0/1 for VLANs 10 and 20.

Correct Answer: ABC

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

ExplanationExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In this example, the switch has been configured as a multicast router since IGMP snooping has been enabled. All mrouters can learn about other mrouters by

receiving a PIM hello packet from another multicast router. Also, since two different VLANs are being used by the same port of gi 2/0/1, it must be a trunk link that

connects to another multicast router.

QUESTION 63

Refer to the exhibit.

If a port is configured as shown and receives an untagged frame, of which VLAN will the untagged frame be a member?

A. VLAN 1

B. VLAN 2

C. VLAN 3

D. VLAN 4

Correct Answer: B

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

When typing:

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode ?

access Set trunking mode to ACCESS unconditionally

dynamic Set trunking mode to dynamically negotiate access or trunk mode

trunk Set trunking mode to TRUNK unconditionally

and

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode dynamic ?

auto Set trunking mode dynamic negotiation parameter to AUTO

desirable Set trunking mode dynamic negotiation parameter to DESIRABLE

So if we configure Fa0/1 as dynamic auto mode, it will not initiate any negotitation but waiting for the other end negotiate to be a trunk with DTP. If the other end

does not ask it to become a trunk then it will become an access port. Therefore when using the “show interface fastEthernet0/1 switchport” command we will see

two output lines “Administrative Mode. dynamic auto” and “Operational Mode. static access”

Note. To set this port to VLAN 2 as the output above just use one additional command. “switchport access vlan 2”.

Now back to our question, from the output we see that Fa0/1 is operating as an access port on VLAN 2 so if it receive untagged frame it will suppose that frame is

coming from VLAN 2.

QUESTION 64

Refer to the exhibit.

Which statement describes the effect on the network if FastEthernet0/1 goes down temporarily?

A. FastEthernet0/2 forwards traffic only until FastEthernet0/1 comes back up.

B. FastEthernet0/2 stops forwarding traffic until FastEthernet0/1 comes back up.

C. FastEthernet0/2 forwards traffic indefinitely.

D. FastEthernet0/1 goes into standby.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Use the switchport backup interface interface configuration command on a Layer 2 interface to configure Flex Links, a pair of interfaces that provide backup to

each other. Use the no form of this command to remove the Flex Links configuration.

With Flex Links configured, one link acts as the primary interface and forwards traffic, while the other interface is in standby mode, ready to begin forwarding traffic

if the primary link shuts down. The interface being configured is referred to as the active link; the specified interface is identified as the backup link. The feature

provides an alternative to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), allowing users to turn off STP and still retain basic link redundancy.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst2960/software/release/12- 2_53_se/command/reference/2960ComRef/cli3.html#wp3269214

QUESTION 65

Refer to the exhibit.

Which technology does the use of bi-directional BPDUs on all ports in the topology support?

A. RSTP

B. MST

C. Bridge Assurance

D. Loop Guard

E. Root Guard

F. UDLD

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Spanning Tree Bridge Assurance

Turns STP into a bidirectional protocol

Ensures spanning tree fails “closed” rather than “open”

If port type is “network” send BPDU regardless of state

If network port stops receiving BPDU it’s put in BA-inconsistent state

Bridge Assurance (BA) can help protect against bridging loops where a port becomes designated because it has stopped receiving BPDUs. This is similar to the

function of loop guard.

Reference. http://lostintransit.se/tag/convergence/

QUESTION 66

Which three statements are true about PPP CHAP authentication? (Choose three.)

A. PPP encapsulation must be enabled globally.

B. The LCP phase must be complete and in closed state.

C. The hostname used by a router for CHAP authentication cannot be changed.

D. PPP encapsulation must be enabled on the interface.

E. The LCP phase must be complete and in open state.

F. By default, the router uses its hostname to identify itself to the peer.

Correct Answer: DEF

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

ExplanationExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) authentication issues are one of the most common causes for dialup link failures. This document provides some troubleshooting

procedures for PPP authentication issues.

Prerequisites

Enable PPP encapsulation

The PPP authentication phase does not begin until the Link Control Protocol (LCP) phase is complete and is in the open state. If debug ppp negotiation does

not indicate that LCP is open, troubleshoot this issue before proceeding.

Note. By default, the router uses its hostname to identify itself to the peer. However, this CHAP username can be changed through the ppp chap hostname

command.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wan/point-to-point-protocol-ppp/25647- understanding-ppp-chap.html

QUESTION 67

Which two statements are true about an EPL? (Choose two.)

A. It is a point-to-point Ethernet connection between a pair of NNIs.

B. It allows for service multiplexing.

C. It has a high degree of transparency.

D. The EPL service is also referred to as E-line.

Correct Answer: CD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Ethernet private line (EPL) and Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) are carrier Ethernet data services defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum. EPL provides a pointto-

point Ethernet virtual connection (EVC) between a pair of dedicated usernetwork interfaces (UNIs), with a high degree of transparency. EVPL provides a pointto-

point or point-to-multipoint connection between a pair of UNIs.

The services are categorized as an E-Line service type, with an expectation of low frame delay, frame delay variation and frame loss ratio. EPL is implemented

using a point-to-point (EVC) with no Service Multiplexing at each UNI (physical interface), i.e., all service frames at the UNI are mapped to a single EVC (a.k.a. allto-

one bundling).

Reference. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_Private_Line

QUESTION 68

Which two statements describe characteristics of HDLC on Cisco routers? (Choose two.)

A. It supports multiple Layer 3 protocols.B. It supports multiplexing.

C. It supports only synchronous interfaces.

D. It supports authentication.

Correct Answer: AC

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Cisco High-Level Data Link Controller (HDLC) is the Cisco proprietary protocol for sending data over synchronous serial links using HDLC. Cisco HDLC also

provides a simple control protocol called Serial Line Address Resolution Protocol (SLARP) to maintain serial link keepalives. Cisco HDLC is the default for data

encapsulation at Layer 2 (data link) of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) stack for efficient packet delineation and error control.

The absence of a protocol type field in the HDLC header posed a problem for links that carried traffic from more than one Layer 3 protocol. Cisco, therefore, added

an extra Type field to the HDLC header, creating a Cisco-specific version of HDLC. Cisco routers can support multiple network layer protocols on the same HDLC

link. For example an HDLC link between two Cisco routers can forward both IPv4 and IPv6 packets because the Type field can identify which type of packet is

carried inside each HDLC frame.

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/access/800/819/software/configuration/Guide/819_S CG/6ser_conf.html#pgfId-1073734

QUESTION 69

Which mechanism can be used on Layer 2 switches so that only multicast packets with downstream receivers are sent on the multicast router-connected ports?

A. IGMP snooping

B. Router Guard

C. PIM snooping

D. multicast filtering

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Ideally, the Layer 2 device should forward the multicast transmission only out ports to which receivers are connected and also out any ports that are connected to

downstream multicast routers. This configuration requires a Layer 2 device to be able to determine the ports on which multicast routers and receivers for each

separate (S,G) or (*,G) multicast group are located. To facilitate intelligent forwarding of multicast traffic on the LAN, Cisco Catalyst switches support two

mechanisms:

IGMP snooping— The switch listens in or “snoops” IGMP communications between receivers and multicast routers. This snooping enables the switch todetermine which ports are connected to receivers for each multicast group and which ports are connected to multicast routers.

Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP)— The switch communicates with multicasts routers, with multicast routers relaying group membership

information to switches.

Reference. https://www.informit.com/library/content.aspx?

b=CCNP_Studies_Switching&seqNum=59

QUESTION 70

Which technology can be used to prevent flooding of IPv6 multicast traffic on a switch?

A. IGMP snooping

B. IGMP filtering

C. MLD snooping

D. MLD filtering

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

MLD snooping allows the switch to examine MLD packets and make forwarding decisions based on their content.

You can configure the switch to use MLD snooping in subnets that receive MLD queries from either MLD or the MLD snooping querier. MLD snooping constrains

IPv6 multicast traffic at Layer 2 by configuring Layer 2 LAN ports dynamically to forward IPv6 multicast traffic only to those ports that want to receive it.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/ios/12- 2SX/configuration/guide/book/snoopmld.html

QUESTION 71

Refer to the exhibit.

Which VLANs are permitted to send frames out port FastEthernet0/1?

A. 100 – 200

B. 4 – 100

C. 1 and 4 – 100

D. 3 and 4 – 100

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Traffic on the native vlan does not get tagged as it crosses a trunk, so there is no dot1q tag in the first place to be filtered. And you don’t need to allow the native

vlan. But if we force to tag the native vlan (with the “switchport trunk native vlan tag” command) then if the native vlan is not in the “allowed vlan” list it will be

dropped.

QUESTION 72

Which option is the default maximum age of the MAC address table?

A. 300 seconds

B. 500 seconds

C. 1200 seconds

D. 3600 seconds

Correct Answer: A

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

To configure the maximum aging time for entries in the Layer 2 table, use the mac-address-table aging-time command in global configuration mode.

Syntax Description

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/lanswitch/command/reference/lsw_book/lsw_m1.html

QUESTION 73

Refer to the exhibit.

Which two statements about the output are true? (Choose two.)

A. 802.1D spanning tree is being used.

B. Setting the priority of this switch to 0 for VLAN 1 would cause it to become the new root.

C. The hello, max-age, and forward delay timers are not set to their default values.

D. Spanning-tree PortFast is enabled on GigabitEthernet1/1.

Correct Answer: AB

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

802.1D is the standard for Spanning tree, which is being used here. For priority, The priority order starts from 0 (yes, 0 is valid) and then increases in 4096.

0, 4096, 8192, 12288, …. Etc.

The lower the number is, the higher is the priority. Here we see that the current root has a priority of 8192, so configuring this with a priority of 0 will make it the

new root.

QUESTION 74

Which statement is true about Fast Link Pulses in Ethernet?

A. They are used during collision detection.B. They are used only if the media type is optical.

C. They are part of UniDirectional Link Detection.

D. They are used during autonegotiation.

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

To make sure that your connection is operating properly, IEEE 802.3 Ethernet employs normal link pulses (NLPs), which are used for verifying link integrity in a

10BaseT system. This signaling gives you the link indication when you attach to the hub and is performed between two directly connected link interfaces (hub-tostation

or station-to-station). NLPs are helpful in determining that a link has been established between devices, but they are not a good indicator that your cabling

is free of problems.

An extension of NLPs is fast link pulses. These do not perform link tests, but instead are employed in the autonegotiation process to advertise a device’s

capabilities.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/troubleshooting/guide/tr1904.html

QUESTION 75

Which statement is true regarding UDLD and STP timers?

A. The UDLD message timer should be two times the STP forward delay to prevent loops.

B. UDLD and STP are unrelated features, and there is no relation between the timers.

C. The timers need to be synced by using the spanning-tree udld-sync command.

D. The timers should be set in such a way that UDLD is detected before the STP forward delay expires.

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

UDLD is designed to be a helper for STP. Therefore, UDLD should be able to detect an unidirectional link before STP would unblock the port due to missed

BPDUs. Thus, when you configure UDLD timers, make sure your values are set so that unidirectional link is detected before “STP MaxAge + 2xForwardDelay”

expires.

Reference. http://blog.ine.com/tag/stp/

QUESTION 76Which switching technology can be used to solve reliability problems in a switched network?

A. fragment-free mode

B. cut-through mode

C. check mode

D. store-and-forward mode

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Characteristics of Store-and-Forward Ethernet Switching

This section provides an overview of the functions and features of store-and-forward Ethernet switches.

Error Checking

Figure 1 shows a store-and-forward switch receiving an Ethernet frame in its entirety. At the end of that frame, the switch will compare the last field of the

datagram against its own frame-check- sequence (FCS) calculations, to help ensure that the packet is free of physical and data-link errors.

The switch then performs the forwarding process.

Whereas a store-and-forward switch solves reliability issues by dropping invalid packets, cut- through devices forward them because they do not get a chance to

evaluate the FCS before transmitting the packet.

Figure 1. Ethernet Frame Entering a Store-and-Forward Bridge or Switch (from Left to Right)

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/nexus-5020- switch/white_paper_c11-465436.html

QUESTION 77

Refer to the exhibit.

All switches have default bridge priorities, and originate BPDUs with MAC addresses as indicated. The numbers shown are STP link metrics. Which two ports arein blocking state after STP converges? (Choose two.)

A. the port on switch SWD that connects to switch SWE

B. the port on switch SWF that connects to switch SWG

C. the port on switch SWD that connects to switch SWC

D. the port on switch SWB that connects to switch SWD

Correct Answer: CD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

This is a scenario that wants you to demonstrate understanding of the Root switch and Root port election process. So, it’s best to start with where the root switch

will be and work down from there. It’s setup nicely because the lowest MAC address switch starts at the top and then the lower priority/higher mac addresses

move down the architecture. SWA wins the root election and of course all ports in SWA are forwarding. SWB introduces the possibility for a switching loop so it’s

important to understand which ports will be put into the blocking state. Since SWD is a higher MAC address it will end up with a blocked port connected to SWB to

prevent a loop: and this is one of the correct answers. To prevent the possibility of another potential switching loop, SWD again ends up with the higher MAC

address so blocking the link between D and C prevents a B/C/D switching loop.

QUESTION 78

Which statement is true about IGMP?

A. Multicast sources send IGMP messages to their first-hop router, which then generates a PIM join message that is then sent to the RP.

B. Multicast receivers send IGMP messages to their first-hop router, which then forwards the IGMP messages to the RP.

C. IGMP messages are encapsulated in PIM register messages and sent to the RP.

D. Multicast receivers send IGMP messages to signal their interest to receive traffic for specific multicast groups.

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In the example shown above, the receivers (the designated multicast group) are interested in receiving the video data stream from the source. The receivers

indicate their interest by sending an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) host report to the routers in the network. The routers are then responsible for

delivering the data from the source to the receivers.

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/solutions_docs/ip_multicast/White_papers/mcst_ovr.html

QUESTION 79

Which two statements are true about RSTP? (Choose two.)

A. By default, RTSP uses a separate TCN BPDU when interoperating with 802.1D switches.

B. By default, RTSP does not use a separate TCN BPDU when interoperating with 802.1D switches.

C. If a designated port receives an inferior BPDU, it immediately triggers a reconfiguration.

D. By default, RTSP uses the topology change TC flag.

E. If a port receives a superior BPDU, it immediately replies with its own information, and no reconfiguration is triggered.

Correct Answer: BD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

ExplanationExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The RSTP does not have a separate topology change notification (TCN) BPDU. It uses the topology change (TC) flag to show the topology changes.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst2950/software/release/12- 1_9_ea1/configuration/guide/scg/swmstp.html

QUESTION 80

Refer to the exhibit.

Which two statements are true about the displayed STP state? (Choose two.)

A. The STP version configured on the switch is IEEE 802.1w.

B. Port-channel 1 is flapping and the last flap occurred 1 minute and 17 seconds ago.

C. The switch does not have PortFast configured on Gi0/15.

D. BPDUs with the TCN bit set are transmitted over port channel 1.

Correct Answer: CD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

A port enabled with portfast will not send topology changes when a port goes up or down, but here we see that 296 TCN’s were sent so we know that Gi 0/15 does

not have portfast enabled. TCN’s are sent using BPDU’s over the root port, which we see is port channel 1.

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