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QUESTION 131

Which three options are sources from which a SPAN session can copy traffic? (Choose three.)

A. ports

B. EtherChannels

C. VLANs

D. subnets

E. primary IP addresses

F. secondary IP addresses

Correct Answer: ABC

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

SPAN Sources

The interfaces from which traffic can be monitored are called SPAN sources. Sources designate the traffic to monitor and whether to copy ingress, egress, or both

directions of traffic. SPAN sources include the following:

Ethernet ports

Port channels

The inband interface to the control plane CPU — You can monitor the inband interface only from the default VDC. Inband traffic from all VDCs is monitored.

VLANs — When a VLAN is specified as a SPAN source, all supported interfaces in the VLAN are SPAN sources.

Remote SPAN (RSPAN) VLANs

Fabric port channels connected to the Cisco Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extender

Satellite ports and host interface port channels on the Cisco Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extender

— These interfaces are supported in Layer 2 access mode, Layer 2 trunk mode, and Layer 3 mode.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/5_x/nx- os/system_management/configuration/guide/sm_nx_os_cg/sm_14span.html#wp1239492

QUESTION 132

Which three capabilities are provided by MLD snooping? (Choose three.)

A. dynamic port learning

B. IPv6 multicast router discovery

C. user-configured ports age out automatically

D. a 5-minute aging timer

E. flooding control packets to the egress VLAN

F. a 60-second aging timer

Correct Answer: ABD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Like IGMP snooping, MLD snooping performs multicast router discovery, with these characteristics:

· Ports configured by a user never age out.

· Dynamic port learning results from MLDv1 snooping queries and IPv6 PIMv2 packets.

· If there are multiple routers on the same Layer 2 interface, MLD snooping tracks a single multicast router on the port (the router that most recently sent a

router control packet).

· Dynamic multicast router port aging is based on a default timer of 5 minutes; the multicast router is deleted from the router port list if no control packet is

received on the port for 5 minutes.

· IPv6 multicast router discovery only takes place when MLD snooping is enabled on the switch.

Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750/software/release/12- 2_55_se/configuration/guide/scg3750/swv6mld.pdf

QUESTION 133

Refer to the exhibit.

Which two statements about the implementation are true? (Choose two.)

A. The PPP multilink protocol header is omitted on delay-sensitive packets.

B. The maximum number of fragments is 1.

C. Small real-time packets are multilink-encapsulated.

D. A transmit queue is provided for smaller packets.

Correct Answer: AD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Previous implementations of Cisco IOS Multilink PPP (MLP) include support for Link Fragmentation Interleaving (LFI). This feature allows the delivery of delaysensitive

packets, such as the packets of a Voice call, to be expedited by omitting the PPP Multilink Protocol header and sending the packets as raw PPP packets

in between the fragments of larger data packets. This feature works well on bundles consisting of a single link. However, when the bundle contains multiple links

there is no way to keep the interleaved packets in sequence with respect to each other.

The Multiclass Multilink PPP (MCMP) feature in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(13)T addresses the limitations of MLP LFI on bundles containing multiple links by

introducing multiple data classes. With multiclass multilink PPP interleaving, large packets can be multilink-encapsulated and fragmented into smaller packets to

satisfy the delay requirements of real-time voice traffic; small real-time packets, which are not multilink encapsulated, are transmitted between fragments of the

large packets. The interleaving feature also provides a special transmit queue for the smaller, delay- sensitive packets, enabling them to be transmitted earlier than

other flows. Interleaving provides the delay bounds for delay-sensitive voice packets on a slow link that is used for other best-effort traffic.

References:

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/dial/configuration/guide/12_4t/dia_12_4t_book/dia_multi class_link_ppp.pdf

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/access/500/520/software/configuration/guide/520_SC G_Book/520scg_concepts.html

QUESTION 134

Which two statements are characteristics of Ethernet private LAN circuits? (Choose two.)

A. They support communication between two or more customer endpoints.

B. They utilize more than one bridge domain.

C. They support point-to-multipoint EVC.

D. They support multipoint-to-multipoint EVC.

Correct Answer: AD

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

ExplanationExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

An Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN) is a multipointtomultipoint EVC. EPLAN is an EVC that supports communication between two or more UNIs. In EPLAN, only one

EVC can exist on a port and the port can have only one EFP.

Reference:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/optical/cpt/r9_3/configuration/guide/cpt93_configuration/cp t93_configuration_chapter_0100.pdf

QUESTION 135

Which two statements about Inverse ARP are true? (Choose two.)

A. It uses the same operation code as ARP.

B. It uses the same packet format as ARP.

C. It uses ARP stuffing.

D. It supports static mapping.

E. It translates Layer 2 addresses to Layer 3 addresses.

F. It translates Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 addresses.

Correct Answer: BE

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (Inverse ARP or InARP) is used to obtain Network Layer addresses (for example, IP addresses) of other nodes from Data

Link Layer (Layer 2) addresses. It is primarily used in Frame Relay (DLCI) and ATM networks, in which Layer 2 addresses of virtual circuits are sometimes

obtained from Layer 2 signaling, and the corresponding Layer 3 addresses must be available before those virtual circuits can be used.

Since ARP translates Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 addresses, InARP may be described as its inverse. In addition, InARP is implemented as a protocol extension

to ARP: it uses the same packet format as ARP, but different operation codes.

Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol

QUESTION 136

Refer to the exhibit.What is the meaning of the asterisk (*) in the output?

A. PIM neighbor 10.1.5.6 is the RPF neighbor for the group 232.1.1.1 for the shared tree.

B. PIM neighbor 10.1.5.6 is the one that is seen as the RPF neighbor when performing the command show ip rpf 10.1.4.7.

C. PIM neighbor 10.1.5.6 is the winner of an assert mechanism.

D. The RPF neighbor 10.1.5.6 is invalid.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

show ip mroute Field Descriptions

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/ipmulti/command/reference/fiprmc_r/1rfmult3.html

QUESTION 137

Refer to the exhibit.

What is the role of this multicast router?

A. a first-hop PIM router

B. a last-hop PIM router

C. a PIM rendezvous point

D. a PIM inter-AS router

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 3 TechnologiesExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The following is sample output from the show ip pim tunnel taken from an RP. The output is used to verify the PIM Encap and Decap Tunnel on the RP:

Switch# show ip pim tunnel

Tunnel0

Type : PIM Encap

RP : 70.70.70.1*

SourcE. 70.70.70.1

Tunnel1*

Type : PIM Decap

RP : 70.70.70.1*

SourcE. -R2#

The asterisk (*) indicates that the router is the RP. The RP will always have a PIM Encap and Decap Tunnel interface.

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3650/software/release/3se/multicast/com mand_reference/b_mc_3se_3650_cr/

b_mc_3se_3650_cr_chapter_010.html#wp1286920037

QUESTION 138

Refer to the exhibit.

Which option explains why the forwarding address is set to 0.0.0.0 instead of 110.100.1.1?

A. The interface Ethernet0/1 is in down state.B. The next-hop ip address 110.100.1.1 is not directly attached to the redistributing router.

C. The next-hop interface (Ethernet0/1) is specified as part of the static route command; therefore, the forwarding address is always set to 0.0.0.0.

D. OSPF is not enabled on the interface Ethernet0/1.

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

From the output of the “show ip ospf database” command (although this command is not shown) we can conclude this is an ASBR (with Advertising Router is

itself) and E0/1 is the ASBR’s next hop interface for other routers to reach network 192.168.10.0.

The Forwarding Address is determined by these conditions:

* The forwarding address is set to 0.0.0.0 if the ASBR redistributes routes and OSPF is not enabled on the next hop interface for those routes.

* These conditions set the forwarding address field to a non-zero address:

+ OSPF is enabled on the ASBR’s next hop interface AND

+ ASBR’s next hop interface is non-passive under OSPF AND

+ ASBR’s next hop interface is not point-to-point AND

+ ASBR’s next hop interface is not point-to-multipoint AND + ASBR’s next hop interface address falls under the network range specified in the router ospf

command.

* Any other conditions besides these set the forwarding address to 0.0.0.0. -> We can see E0/1 interface is not running OSPF because it does not belong to

network 110.110.0.0 0.0.255.255 which is declared under OSPF process -> F.A address is set to 0.0.0.0.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/13682- 10.html

QUESTION 139

Refer to the exhibit.

You have configured two routing protocols across this point-to-point link. How many BFD sessions will be established across this link?

A. three per interface

B. one per multicast address

C. one per routing protocol

D. one per interface

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Cisco devices will use one Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) session for multiple client protocols in the Cisco implementation of BFD for Cisco IOS

Releases 12.2(18)SXE, 12.0(31)S, and 12.4(4)T. For example, if a network is running OSPF and EIGRP across the same link to the same peer, only one BFD

session will be established, and BFD will share session information with both routing protocols.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/fs_bfd.html#wp1053749

QUESTION 140

Refer to the exhibit.

Which statement is true?

A. 2001:DB8::1/128 is a local host route, and it can be redistributed into a dynamic routing protocol.

B. 2001:DB8::1/128 is a local host route, and it cannot be redistributed into a dynamic routing protocol.

C. 2001:DB8::1/128 is a local host route that was created because ipv6 unicast-routing is not enabled on this router.

D. 2001:DB8::1/128 is a route that was put in the IPv6 routing table because one of this router’s loopback interfaces has the IPv6 address 2001:DB8::1/128.Correct Answer: B

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The local routes have the administrative distance of 0. This is the same adminstrative distance as connected routes. However, when you configure redistributed

connected under any routing process, the connected routes are redistributed, but the local routes are not. This behavior allows the networks to not require a large

number of host routes, because the networks of the interfaces are advertised with their proper masks. These host routes are only needed on the router that owns

the IP address in order to process packets destined to that IP address.

It is normal for local host routes to be listed in the IPv4 and IPv6 routing table for IP addresses of the router’s interfaces. Their purpose is to create a corresponding

CEF entry as a receive entry so that the packets destined to this IP address can be processed by the router itself. These routes cannot be redistributed into any

routing protocol.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/ip-routing/116264-technote-ios-00.html

QUESTION 141

Refer to the exhibit.

Routers R1, R2, and R3 are configured as shown, and traffic from R2 fails to reach 172.29.168.3.

Which action can you take to correct the problem?

A. Correct the static route on R1.

B. Correct the default route on R2.C. Edit the EIGRP configuration of R3 to enable auto-summary.

D. Correct the network statement for 172.29.168.3 on R3.

Correct Answer: A

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

On R1 we see there is a wrongly configured static route: ip route 172.29.168.3 255.255.255.255 172.17.17.2. It should be ip route 172.29.168.3 255.255.255.255

10.17.12.3.

QUESTION 142

Refer to the exhibit.

R3 prefers the path through R1 to reach host 10.1.1.1.

Which option describes the reason for this behavior?

A. The OSPF reference bandwidth is too small to account for the higher speed links through R2.

B. The default OSPF cost through R1 is less than the cost through R2.

C. The default OSPF cost through R1 is more than the cost through R2.

D. The link between R2 and R1 is congested.

Correct Answer: ASection: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The default formula to calculate OSPF bandwidth is BW = Bandwidth Reference / interface bandwidth [bps] = 10^8 / / interface bandwidth [bps]

BW of the R1-R3 link = 10^8 / 100Mbps = 10^8 / 10^8 = 1

BW of the R2-R3 link = 10^8 / 1Gbps = 10^8 / 10^9 = 1 (round up)

Therefore OSPF considers the two above links have the same Bandwidth -> R3 will go to 10.1.1.1 via the R1-R3 link. The solution here is to increase the

Bandwidth Reference to a higher value using the “auto-cost reference-bandwidth” command under OSPF router mode. For example:

Router(config)#router ospf 1

Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000

This will increase the reference bandwidth to 10000 Mbps which increases the BW of the R2-R3 link to 10^10 / 10^8 = 100.

QUESTION 143

Refer to the exhibit.

For which reason could a BGP-speaking device in autonomous system 65534 be prevented from installing the given route in its BGP table?

A. The AS number of the BGP is specified in the given AS_PATH.

B. The origin of the given route is unknown.

C. BGP is designed only for publicly routed addresses.

D. The AS_PATH for the specified prefix exceeds the maximum number of ASs allowed.

E. BGP does not allow the AS number 65535.

Correct Answer: A

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

BGP is considered to be a ‘Path Vector’ routing protocol rather than a distance vector routing protocol since it utilises a list of AS numbers to describe the path that

a packet should take. This list is called the AS_PATH. Loops are prevented because if a BGP speaking router sees it’s own AS in the AS_PATH of a route it

rejects the route.

QUESTION 144Which statement about the feasibility condition in EIGRP is true?

A. The prefix is reachable via an EIGRP peer that is in the routing domain of the router.

B. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router has multiple paths to the destination.

C. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router is closer to the destination than the router.

D. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix cannot be used as a next hop to reach the destination.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The advertised metric from an EIGRP neighbor (peer) to the local router is called Advertised Distance (or reported distance) while the metric from the local router

to that network is called Feasible Distance. For example, R1 advertises network 10.10.10.0/24 with a metric of 20 to R2. For R2, this is the advertised distance. R2

calculates the feasible distance by adding the metric from the advertised router (R1) to itself. So in this case the feasible distance to network 10.10.10.0/24 is 20 +

50 = 70.

Before a router can be considered a feasible successor, it must pass the feasibility condition rule. In short, the feasibility condition says that if we learn about a

prefix from a neighbor, the advertised distance from that neighbor to the destination must be lower than our feasible distance to that same destination.

Therefore we see the Advertised Distance always smaller than the Feasible Distance to satisfy the feasibility condition.

QUESTION 145

Which two statements about the function of the stub feature in EIGRP are true? (Choose two.)

A. It stops the stub router from sending queries to peers.

B. It stops the hub router from sending queries to the stub router.

C. It stops the stub router from propagating dynamically learned EIGRP prefixes to the hub routers.D. It stops the hub router from propagating dynamically learned EIGRP prefixes to the stub routers.

Correct Answer: BC

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

When using the EIGRP Stub Routing feature, you need to configure the distribution and remote routers to use EIGRP, and to configure only the remote router as a

stub. Only specified routes are propagated from the remote (stub) router. The router responds to queries for summaries, connected routes, redistributed static

routes, external routes, and internal routes with the message “inaccessible.” A router that is configured as a stub will send a special peer information packet to all

neighboring routers to report its status as a stub router.

Without the stub feature, even after the routes that are sent from the distribution router to the remote router have been filtered or summarized, a problem might

occur. If a route is lost somewhere in the corporate network, EIGRP could send a query to the distribution router, which in turn will send a query to the remote

router even if routes are being summarized. If there is a problem communicating over the WAN link between the distribution router and the remote router, an

EIGRP stuck in active (SIA) condition could occur and cause instability elsewhere in the network. The EIGRP Stub Routing feature allows a network administrator

to prevent queries from being sent to the remote router.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/eigrpstb.html

QUESTION 146

In which type of EIGRP configuration is EIGRP IPv6 VRF-Lite available?

A. stub

B. named mode

C. classic mode

D. passive

Correct Answer: B

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The EIGRP IPv6 VRF Lite feature provides EIGRP IPv6 support for multiple VRFs. EIGRP for IPv6 can operate in the context of a VRF. The EIGRP IPv6 VRF Lite

feature provides separation between routing and forwarding, providing an additional level of security because no communication between devices belonging to

different VRFs is allowed unless it is explicitly configured. The EIGRP IPv6 VRF Lite feature simplifies the management and troubleshooting of traffic belonging to

a specific VRF.

The EIGRP IPv6 VRF Lite feature is available only in EIGRP named configurations.Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ipv6/configuration/15-2mt/ipv6-15- 2mt-book/ip6-eigrp.html#GUID-92B4FF4F-2B68-41B0-93C8-

AAA4F0EC1B1B

QUESTION 147

Two routers are trying to establish an OSPFv3 adjacency over an Ethernet link, but the adjacency is not forming. Which two options are possible reasons that

prevent OSPFv3 to form between these two routers? (Choose two.)

A. mismatch of subnet masks

B. mismatch of network types

C. mismatch of authentication types

D. mismatch of instance IDs

E. mismatch of area types

Correct Answer: DE

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

An OSPFv3 interface must have a compatible configuration with a remote interface before the two can be considered neighbors. The two OSPFv3 interfaces must

match the following criteria:

· Hello interval

· Dead interval

· Area ID

· Optional capabilities

The OSPFv3 header includes an instance ID field to identify that OSPFv3 packet for a particular OSPFv3 instance. You can assign the OSPFv3 instance. The

interface drops all OSPFv3 packets that do not have a matching OSPFv3 instance ID in the packet header.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/5_x/nx- os/unicast/configuration/guide/l3_cli_nxos/l3_ospfv3.html

QUESTION 148

Like OSPFv2, OSPFv3 supports virtual links. Which two statements are true about the IPv6 address of a virtual neighbor? (Choose two.)

A. It is the link-local address, and it is discovered by examining the hello packets received from the virtual neighbor.

B. It is the link-local address, and it is discovered by examining link LSA received by the virtual neighbor.

C. It is the global scope address, and it is discovered by examining the router LSAs received by the virtual neighbor.

D. Only prefixes with the LA-bit not set can be used as a virtual neighbor address.

E. It is the global scope address, and it is discovered by examining the intra-area-prefix-LSAs received by the virtual neighbor.F. Only prefixes with the LA-bit set can be used as a virtual neighbor address.

Correct Answer: EF

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

OSPF for IPv6 assumes that each router has been assigned link-local unicast addresses on each of the router’s attached physical links. On all OSPF interfaces

except virtual links, OSPF packets are sent using the interface’s associated link-local unicast address as the source address. A router learns the link-local

addresses of all other routers attached to its links and uses these addresses as next-hop information during packet forwarding.

On virtual links, a global scope IPv6 address MUST be used as the source address for OSPF protocol packets.

The collection of intra-area-prefix-LSAs originated by the virtual neighbor is examined, with the virtual neighbor’s IP address being set to the first prefix

encountered with the LA-bit set.

Reference. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5340

QUESTION 149

Which field is specific to the OPSFv3 packet header, as opposed to the OSPFv2 packet header?

A. checksum

B. router ID

C. AuType

D. instance ID

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In OSPFv3, Instance ID is a new field that is used to have multiple OSPF process’ instance per link. By default it is 0 and for any additional instance it is increased,

instance ID has local link significance only. OSPFv3 routers will only become neighbors if the instanceIDs match. It is thus possible to have multiple routers on a

broadcast domain and all run Ospfv3 but not all of them becoming neighbors.

Reference. https://supportforums.cisco.com/document/97766/comparing-ospfv3-ospfv2-routing- protocol

QUESTION 150

Which two functions are performed by the DR in OSPF? (Choose two.)A. The DR originates the network LSA on behalf of the network.

B. The DR is responsible for the flooding throughout one OSPF area.

C. The DR forms adjacencies with all other OSPF routers on the network, in order to synchronize the LSDB across the adjacencies.

D. The DR is responsible for originating the type 4 LSAs into one area.

Correct Answer: AC

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The DR originates the network LSA (LSA Type 2) which lists all the routers on the segment it is adjacent to -> A is correct.

Types 2 are flooded within its area only; does not cross ABR -> B is incorrect. The broadcast and non-broadcast network types elect a DR/BDR. They form

adjacencies to all other OSPF routers on the network and help synchronize the Link State Database (LSDB) across the adjacencies -> C is correct.

LSAs Type 4 are originated by the ABR to describe an ASBR to routers in other areas so that routers in other areas know how to get to external routes through

that ASBR -> D is incorrect.

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