2016NEW CISCO.CCIE.(400-101)EXAM] CCIE ROUTING AND SWITCHING EXAM A PART16 (341-360) VCE DUMPS FOR FREE DOWNLOAD WITH 100%PASS ENSURE

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QUESTION 341

Which two options are ways in which an OSPFv3 router handles hello packets with a clear address- family bit? (Choose two.)

A. IPv4 unicast packets are discarded.

B. IPv6 unicast packets are discarded.

C. IPv4 unicast packets are forwarded.

D. IPv6 unicast packets are forwarded.

Correct Answer: AD

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

A typical distance vector protocol saves the following information when computing the best path to a destination: the distance (total metric or distance, such as hopcount) and the vector (the next hop). For instance, all the routers in the network in Figure 1 are running Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Router Two chooses

the path to Network A by examining the hop count through each available path.

Since the path through Router Three is three hops, and the path through Router One is two hops, Router Two chooses the path through One and discards the

information it learned through Three. If the path between Router One and Network A goes down, Router Two loses all connectivity with this destination until it

times out the route of its routing table (three update periods, or 90 seconds), and Router Three re-advertises the route (which occurs every 30 seconds in RIP).

Not including any hold-down time, it will take between 90 and 120 seconds for Router Two to switch the path from Router One to Router Three.

EIGRP, instead of counting on full periodic updates to re-converge, builds a topology table from each of its neighbor’s advertisements (rather than discarding the

data), and converges by either looking for a likely loop-free route in the topology table, or, if it knows of no other route, by querying its neighbors. Router Two

saves the information it received from both Routers One and Three. It chooses the path through One as its best path (the successor) and the path through Three

as a loop-free path (a feasible successor). When the path through Router One becomes unavailable, Router Two examines its topology table and, finding a

feasible successor, begins using the path through Three immediately.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/enhanced-interior-gateway-routing- protocol-eigrp/16406-eigrp-toc.html

QUESTION 342

Which two statements about OSPF route types are true? (Choose two.)

A. The cost of an external type 2 route is the sum of the external and internal costs.

B. The cost of an external type 2 route is the same as the external cost.

C. Intra-area routes originate outside of their area.

D. Inter-area routes originate inside their area.

E. The cost of an external type 1 route is the same as the internal cost.F. For routes to the same destination, external type 1 routes are preferred over external type 2 routes.

Correct Answer: BF

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

External routes fall under two categories, external type 1 and external type 2. The difference between the two is in the way the cost (metric) of the route is being

calculated. The cost of a type 2 route is always the external cost, irrespective of the interior cost to reach that route. A type 1 cost is the addition of the external

cost and the internal cost used to reach that route. A type 1 route is always preferred over a type 2 route for the same destination.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/7039-1.html

QUESTION 343

A company is multihomed to several Internet providers using EBGP. Which two measures guarantee that the network of the company does not become a transit

AS for Internet traffic? (Choose two.)

A. Prepend three times the AS number of the company to the AS path list.

B. Add the community NO_EXPORT when sending updates to EBGP neighbors.

C. Write AS-path access-list which permits one AS long paths only and use it to filter updates sent to EBGP neighbors.

D. Add the community NO_EXPORT when receiving updates from EBGP neighbors.

Correct Answer: CD

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

By default BGP will advertise all prefixes to EBGP (External BGP) neighbors. This means that if you are multi-homed (connected to two or more ISPs) that you

might become a transit AS. Let me show you an example:

R1 is connected to ISP1 and ISP2 and each router is in a different AS (Autonomous System). Since R1 is multi-homed it’s possible that the ISPs will use R1 to

reach each other. In order to prevent this we’ll have to ensure that R1 only advertises prefixes from its own autonomous system. As far as I know there are 4

methods how you can prevent becoming a transit AS:

Filter-list with AS PATH access-list.

No-Export Community.

Prefix-list Filtering

Distribute-list Filtering

Reference: http://networklessons.com/bgp/bgp-prevent-transit-as/

QUESTION 344

Which BGP feature allows a router to maintain its current BGP configuration while it advertises a different AS number to new connections?

A. local-AS

B. next-hop-self

C. allow-AS in

D. soft reset

Correct Answer: ASection: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The local-AS feature allows a router to appear to be a member of a second autonomous system (AS), in addition to its real AS. This feature can only be used for

true eBGP peers. The local-AS feature is useful if ISP-A purchases ISP-B, but ISP-B’s customers do not want to modify any peering arrangements or

configurations. The local-AS feature allows routers in ISP-B to become members of ISP-A’s AS. At the same time, these routers appear to their customers to retain

their ISP-B AS number.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13761- 39.html

QUESTION 345

Which problem can result when private AS numbers are included in advertisements that are sent to the global Internet BGP table?

A. The prefixes sent with private AS numbers are always discarded on the Internet.

B. The prefixes sent with private AS numbers are always tagged as invalid on the Internet.

C. The prefixes sent with private AS numbers lack uniqueness, which can lead to a loss of connectivity.

D. The prefixes sent with private AS numbers are sometimes tagged as invalid on the Internet.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Private AS numbers are not meant to be used for global Internet BGP routing, as they are assigned locally and can be used by any organization. They are meant

to enable BGP within a enterprise or VPN, but since these numbers can be used by any organization they are not unique and could cause connectivity loss if

leaked to the Internet.

QUESTION 346

Which two statements about the BGP community attribute are true? (Choose two.)

A. Routers send the community attribute to all BGP neighbors automatically.

B. A router can change a received community attribute before advertising it to peers.

C. It is a well-known, discretionary BGP attribute.

D. It is an optional transitive BGP attribute.

E. A prefix can support only one community attribute.Correct Answer: BD

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

A community is a group of prefixes that share some common property and can be configured with the BGP community attribute. The BGP Community attribute is

an optional transitive attribute of variable length. The attribute consists of a set of four octet values that specify a community. The community attribute values are

encoded with an Autonomous System (AS) number in the first two octets, with the remaining two octets defined by the AS. A prefix can have more than one

community attribute. A BGP speaker that sees multiple community attributes in a prefix can act based on one, some or all the attributes. A router has the option to

add or modify a community attribute before the router passes the attribute on to other peers.

Reference:

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/28784-bgp- community.html

QUESTION 347

Refer to the exhibit.

Which AS paths are matched by this access list?

A. the origin AS 64496 only

B. the origin AS 64496 and any ASs after AS 64496

C. the directly attached AS 64496 and any ASs directly attached to AS 64496

D. the directly attached AS 64496 and any longer AS paths

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

If you want AS 1 to get networks originated from AS 4 and all directly attached ASs of AS 4, apply the following inbound filter on Router 1.

ip as-path access-list 1 permit ^4_[0-9]*$ router bgp 1 neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 4 neighbor 4.4.4.4 route-map foo in route-map foo permit 10 match as-path 1

In the ip as-path access-list command, the carat (^) starts the input string and designates “AS”. The underscore (_) means there is a a null string in the string that

follows “AS 4”. The [0-9]* specifies that any connected AS with a valid AS number can pass the filter. The advantage of using the [0-9]* syntax is that it gives youthe flexibility to add any number of ASs without modifying this command string.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13754-26.html

QUESTION 348

Which two features improve BGP convergence? (Choose two.)

A. next-hop address tracking

B. additional paths

C. advertise map

D. communities

E. soft reconfiguration

Correct Answer: AB

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The BGP Support for Next-Hop Address Tracking feature is enabled by default when a supporting Cisco software image is installed. BGP next-hop address

tracking is event driven. BGP prefixes are automatically tracked as peering sessions are established. Next-hop changes are rapidly reported to the BGP routing

process as they are updated in the RIB. This optimization improves overall BGP convergence by reducing the response time to next-hop changes for routes

installed in the RIB. When a best path calculation is run in between BGP scanner cycles, only next-hop changes are tracked and processed.

BGP routers and route reflectors (RRs) propagate only their best path over their sessions. The advertisement of a prefix replaces the previous announcement of

that prefix (this behavior is known as an implicit withdraw). The implicit withdraw can achieve better scaling, but at the cost of path diversity.

Path hiding can prevent efficient use of BGP multipath, prevent hitless planned maintenance, and can lead to MED oscillations and suboptimal hot-potato routing.

Upon nexthop failures, path hiding also inhibits fast and local recovery because the network has to wait for BGP control plane convergence to restore traffic. The

BGP Additional Paths feature provides a generic way of offering path diversity; the Best External or Best Internal features offer path diversity only in limited

scenarios.

The BGP Additional Paths feature provides a way for multiple paths for the same prefix to be advertised without the new paths implicitly replacing the previous

paths. Thus, path diversity is achieved instead of path hiding.

References: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/15-1sg/irg- nexthop-track.html

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/xe-3s/irg-xe-3s- book/bgp_additional_paths.html

QUESTION 349

Which three statements about the route preference of IS-IS are true? (Choose three.)

A. An L1 path is preferred over an L2 path.

B. An L2 path is preferred over an L1 path.C. Within each level, a path that supports optional metrics is preferred over a path that supports only the default metric.

D. Within each level of metric support, the path with the lowest metric is preferred.

E. The Cisco IS-IS implementation usually performs equal cost path load balancing on up to eight paths.

F. Both L1 and L2 routes will be installed in the routing table at the same time.

Correct Answer: ACD

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Given multiple possible routes to a particular destination, an L1 path is preferred over an L2 path. Within each level, a path that supports the optional metrics is

preferred over a path that supports only the default metric. (Again, Cisco supports only the default metric, so the second order of preference is not relevant to

Cisco routers.) Within each level of metric support, the path with the lowest metric is preferred. If multiple equal-cost, equal-level paths are found by the Decision

process, they are all entered into the route table. The Cisco IS-IS implementation usually performs equal-cost load balancing on up to six paths.

Reference: http://www.realccielab.org/operation-of-integrated-is-is.html

QUESTION 350

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the IPv6 multicast feature on the left to its corresponding function on the right.

Select and Place:

Correct Answer:

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 351

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the EIGRP term on the left to the corresponding definition on the right.

Select and Place:

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:QUESTION 352

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the EIGRP query condition on the left to the corresponding action taken by the router on the right.

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 353

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the path-selection criteria on the left into the correct route-selection order on the right, that a router will use when having multiple routes toward the

same destination.

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 354

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the multiprotocol BGP feature on the left to the corresponding description on the right.

Select and Place:

Section: Layer 3 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 355

Refer to the exhibit.

NHRP registration is failing; what might be the problem?

A. invalid IP addressing

B. fragmentation

C. incorrect NHRP mapping

D. incorrect NHRP authentication

Correct Answer: D

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Configuring an authentication string ensures that only routers configured with the same string can communicate using NHRP. Therefore, if the authenticationscheme is to be used, the same string must be configured in all devices configured for NHRP on a fabric

Reference.

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_4/ip_addr/configuration/guide/hadnhrp.html#wp1055

QUESTION 356

In GETVPN, which key is used to secure the control plane?

A. Traffic Encryption Key (TEK)

B. content encryption key (CEK)

C. message encryption key (MEK)

D. Key Encryption Key (KEK).

Correct Answer: D

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

GDOI introduces two different encryption keys. One key secures the GET VPN control plane; the other key secures the data traffic. The key used to secure the

control plane is commonly called the Key Encryption Key (KEK), and the key used to encrypt data traffic is known as Traffic Encryption Key (TEK).

Reference. Group Encrypted Transport VPN (Get VPN) Design and Implementation Guide PDF

QUESTION 357

Which statement is true comparing L2TPv3 to EoMPLS?

A. L2TPv3 requires OSPF routing, whereas EoMPLS does not.

B. EoMPLS requires BGP routing, whereas L2TPv3 does not.

C. L2TPv3 carries L2 frames inside MPLS tagged packets, whereas EoMPLS carries L2 frames inside IPv4 packets.

D. L2TPv3 carries L2 frames inside IPv4 packets, whereas EoMPLS carries L2 frames inside MPLS packets.

Correct Answer: D

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Ethernet-over-MPLS (EoMPLS) provides a tunneling mechanism for Ethernet traffic through an MPLS-enabled L3 core and encapsulates Ethernet protocol dataunits (PDUs) inside MPLS packets (using label stacking) to forward them across the MPLS network. Another technology that more or less achieves the result of

AToM is L2TPV3. In the case of L2TPV3 Layer 2 frames are encapsulated into an IP packet instead of a labelled MPLS packet.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k_r4- 3/lxvpn/configuration/guide/lesc43xbook/lesc43p2ps.html

QUESTION 358

Which statement is true about VPLS?

A. MPLS is not required for VPLS to work.

B. VPLS carries packets as Layer 3 multicast.

C. VPLS has been introduced to address some shortcomings of OTV.

D. VPLS requires an MPLS network.

Correct Answer: D

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

VPLS uses MPLS labels so an MPLS network is required. VPLS MPLS packets have a two-label stack. The outer label is used for normal MPLS forwarding in the

service provider’s network. If BGP is used to establish the VPLS, the inner label is allocated by a PE as part of a label block. If LDP is used, the inner label is a

virtual circuit ID assigned by LDP when it first established a mesh between the participating PEs. Every PE keeps track of assigned inner label, and associates

these with the VPLS instance.

Reference. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Private_LAN_Service

QUESTION 359

Refer to the exhibit.

Service provider SP 1 is running the MPLS-VPN service. The MPLS core network has MP-BGP configured with RR-1 as route reflector. What will be the effect on

traffic between PE1 and PE2 if router P1 goes down?

A. No effect, because all traffic between PE1 and PE2 will be rerouted through P2.

B. No effect, because P1 was not the only P router in the forwarding path of traffic.

C. No effect, because RR-1 will find an alternative path for MP-BGP sessions to PE-1 and PE-2.

D. All traffic will be lost because RR-1 will lose the MP-BGP sessions to PE-1 and PE-2.Correct Answer: D

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

If the connection to the route reflector goes down, then routes from PE-1 will not get advertised to PE2, and vice versa. Route reflectors are critical in an MPLS

VPN such as the one shown, which is why it is a best practice to have multiple route reflectors in this kind of network.

QUESTION 360

According to RFC 4577, OSPF for BGP/MPLS IP VPNs, when must the down bit be set?

A. when an OSPF route is distributed from the PE to the CE, for Type 3 LSAs

B. when an OSPF route is distributed from the PE to the CE, for Type 5 LSAs

C. when an OSPF route is distributed from the PE to the CE, for Type 3 and Type 5 LSAs

D. when an OSPF route is distributed from the PE to the CE, for all types of LSAs

Correct Answer: C

Section: VPN Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

If an OSPF route is advertised from a PE router into an OSPF area, the Down bit (DN) is set. Another PE router in the same area does not redistribute this route

into iBGP of the MPLS VPN network if down is set.

RFC 4577 says:

“When a type 3 LSA is sent from a PE router to a CE router, the DN bit in the LSA Options field MUST be set. This is used to ensure that if any CE router sends

this type 3 LSA to a PE router, the PE router will not redistribute it further. When a PE router needs to distribute to a CE router a route that comes from a site

outside the latter’s OSPF domain, the PE router presents itself as an ASBR (Autonomous System Border Router), and distributes the route in a type 5 LSA. The

DN bit [OSPF-DN] MUST be set in these LSAs to ensure that they will be ignored by any other PE routers that receive them.”

For more information about Down bit according to RFC 4577 please read more herE.

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4577#section-4.2.5.1.

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