2016NEW Cisco.CCIE.(400-101)EXAM] CCIE Routing and Switching EXAM A PART3 (41-60) VCE DUMPS FOR FREE DOWNLOAD WITH 100%PASS ENSURE

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QUESTION 41

How many hash buckets does Cisco Express Forwarding use for load balancing?

A. 8

B. 16

C. 24

D. 32

Correct Answer: B

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In order to understand how the load balance takes place, you must first see how the tables relate. The Cisco Express Forwarding table points to 16 hash buckets

(load share table), which point to the adjacency table for parallel paths. Each packet to be switched is broken up into the source and destination address pair and

checked against the loadshare table.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/express-forwarding-cef/18285-loadbal- cef.html

QUESTION 42

Which three features require Cisco Express Forwarding? (Choose three.)

A. NBAR

B. AutoQoS

C. fragmentation

D. MPLS

E. UplinkFast

F. BackboneFast

Correct Answer: ABD

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

QoS Features That Require CEFThese class-based QoS features are supported only on routers that run CEF.

Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) provides intelligent network classification. For more information, refer to Network Based Application

Recognition.

The AutoQoS -VoIP feature simplifies and speeds up the implementation and provisioning of QoS for VoIP traffic. This feature is enabled with the help of the

auto qos voip command. CEF must be enabled at the interface or ATM PVC before the auto qos command can be used. For more information about this

feature and its prerequisites, refer to AutoQoS – VoIP.

From MPLS Fundamentals – Luc De Ghein

Why Is CEF Needed in MPLS Networks?

Concerning MPLS, CEF is special for a certain reason; otherwise, this book would not explicitly cover it. Labeled packets that enter the router are switched

according to the label forwarding information base (LFIB) on the router. IP packets that enter the router are switched according to the CEF table on the router.

Regardless of whether the packet is switched according to the LFIB or the CEF table, the outgoing packet can be a labeled packet or an IP packet

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/asynchronous-transfer-mode-atm/ip-to-atm- class-of-service/4800-cefreq.html

QUESTION 43

Which two options are interface requirements for turbo flooding? (Choose two.)

A. The interface is Ethernet.

B. The interface is configured for ARPA encapsulation.

C. The interface is PPP.

D. The interface is configured for GRE encapsulation.

E. The interface is configured for 802.1Q encapsulation.

Correct Answer: AB

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In the switch, the majority of packets are forwarded in hardware; most packets do not go through the switch CPU. For those packets that do go to the CPU, you

can speed up spanning tree-based UDP flooding by a factor of about four to five times by using turbo-flooding. This feature is supported over Ethernet interfaces

configured for ARPA encapsulation.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/metro/me3400/software/release/12- 2_50_se/configuration/guide/scg/swiprout.html

QUESTION 44

Which three options are sub-subfields of the IPv4 Option Type subfield? (Choose three.)A. Option Class

B. GET

C. Copied

D. PUSH

E. Option Number

F. TTL

Correct Answer: ACE

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Each IP option has its own subfield format, generally structured as shown below. For most options, all three subfields are useD. Option Type, Option Length and

Option Data.

QUESTION 45

Which TCP mechanism prevents the sender from sending data too quickly for the receiver to process?

A. Congestion control

B. Error detection

C. Selective acknowledgement

D. Flow control

Correct Answer: D

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

In data communications, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a

slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from

transmitting node.

Reference. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_control_(data)

QUESTION 46

Which two packet types does an RTP session consist of? (Choose two.)

A. TCP

B. RTCP

C. RTP

D. ICMP

E. BOOTP

F. ARP

Correct Answer: BC

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

An RTP session is established for each multimedia stream. A session consists of an IP address with a pair of ports for RTP and RTCP. For example, audio and

video streams use separate RTP sessions, enabling a receiver to deselect a particular stream. The ports which form a session are negotiated using other

protocols such as RTSP (using SDP in the setup method) and SIP. According to the specification, an RTP port should be even and the RTCP port is the nexthigher odd port number.

Reference. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol

QUESTION 47

Which technology can create a filter for an embedded packet capture?

A. Control plane policing

B. Access lists

C. NBAR

D. Traffic shaping

Correct Answer: B

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

A filter can be applied to limit the capture to desired traffic. Define an Access Control List (ACL) within config mode and apply the filter to the buffer:

ip access-list extended BUF-FILTER

permit ip host 192.168.1.1 host 172.16.1.1

permit ip host 172.16.1.1 host 192.168.1.1

monitor capture buffer BUF filter access-list BUF-FILTER

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ios-nx-os-software/ios-embedded-packet- capture/116045-productconfig-epc-00.html

QUESTION 48

Which option describes a limitation of Embedded Packet Capture?

A. It can capture data only on physical interfaces and subinterfaces.

B. It can store only packet data.

C. It can capture multicast packets only on ingress.

D. It can capture multicast packets only on egress.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:Explanation:

Restrictions for Embedded Packet Capture

In Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRE, EPC is supported only on 7200 platform.

EPC only captures multicast packets on ingress and does not capture the replicated packets on egress.

Currently, the capture file can only be exported off the device; for example, TFTP or FTP servers and local disk.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/epc/configuration/15-mt/epc-15-mt- book/nm-packet-capture.html

QUESTION 49

Refer to the exhibit.

A Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switch experiences high CPU utilization. What can be the cause of this issue, and how can it be prevented?

A. The hardware routing table is full. Redistribute from BGP into IGP.

B. The software routing table is full. Redistribute from BGP into IGP.

C. The hardware routing table is full. Reduce the number of routes in the routing table.

D. The software routing table is full. Reduce the number of routes in the routing table.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

FIB TCAM Exception – If you try to install more routes than are possible into the FIB TCAM you will see the following error message in the logs:

CFIB-SP-STBY-7-CFIB_EXCEPTION : FIB TCAM exception, Some entries will be software switched

%CFIB-SP-7-CFIB_EXCEPTION : FIB TCAM exception, Some entries will be software switched. %CFIB-SP-STBY-7-CFIB_EXCEPTION : FIB TCAM exception,

Some entries will be software switched.

This error message is received when the amount of available space in the TCAM is exceeded. This results in high CPU. This is a FIB TCAM limitation. Once

TCAM is full, a flag will be set and FIB TCAM exception is received. This stops from adding new routes to the TCAM. Therefore, everything will be software

switched. The removal of routes does not help resume hardware switching. Once the TCAM enters the exception state, the system must be reloaded to get out ofthat state. You can view if you have hit a FIB TCAM exception with the following command:

6500-2#sh mls cef exception status

Current IPv4 FIB exception state = TRUE

Current IPv6 FIB exception state = FALSE

Current MPLS FIB exception state = FALSE

When the exception state is TRUE, the FIB TCAM has hit an exception. The maximum routes that can be installed in TCAM is increased by the mls cef maximumroutes

command.

Reference. https://supportforums.cisco.com/document/59926/troubleshooting-high-cpu-6500- sup720

QUESTION 50

Refer to the exhibit.

Your network is suffering excessive output drops. Which two actions can you take to resolve the problem? (Choose two.)

A. Install a switch with larger buffers.

B. Configure a different queue set.

C. Reconfigure the switch buffers.D. Configure the server application to use TCP.

E. Update the server operating system.

Correct Answer: AB

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Installing a switch with larger buffers and correctly configuring the buffers can solve output queue problems.

For each queue we need to configure the assigned buffers. The buffer is like the `storage’ space for the interface and we have to divide it among the different

queues. This is how to do it:

mls qos queue-set output <queue set> buffers Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

In this example, there is nothing hitting queue 2 or queue 3 so they are not being utilized.

QUESTION 51

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the Cisco IOS XE subpackage on the left to the function it performs on the right.

Select and Place:

Correct Answer:

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 52

Which two Cisco IOS XE commands can install a subpackage onto a router? (Choose two.)

A. request platform software package install rp rpSlotNumber file fileURL

B. boot system flash bootflash:filename

C. copy sourceUrl destinationUrl

D. license install file storedLocationUrl

E. issu loadversion rp identifier file diskType imageFilename

F. config-register value

Correct Answer: AC

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Managing and Configuring a Consolidated Package Using the request platform software package install CommandIn the following example, the request platform software package install command is used to upgrade a consolidated package running on RP 0. The force

option, which forces the upgrade past any prompt (such as already having the same consolidated package installed), is used in this example.

Router# request platform software package install rp 0 file bootflash:asr1000rp1- adventerprisek9.02.01.00.122-33.XNA.bin force

To upgrade a consolidated package on the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers using the copy command, copy the consolidated package into the bootflash: directory

on the router using the copy command as you would on most other Cisco routers. After making this copy, configure the router to boot using the consolidated

package file.

In the following example, the consolidated package file is copied onto the bootflash: file system from TFTP. The config-register is then set to boot using boot

system commands, and the boot system commands instruct the router to boot using the consolidated package stored in the bootflash: file system. The new

configuration is then saved using the copy running-config startup-config command, and the system is then reloaded to complete the process.

Router# dir bootflash:

Directory of bootflash:/

11 drwx 16384 Dec 4 2007 04:32:46 -08:00 lost+found

86401 drwx 4096 Dec 4 2007 06:06:24 -08:00.ssh

14401 drwx 4096 Dec 4 2007 06:06:36 -08:00.rollback_timer

28801 drwx 4096 Mar 18 2008 17:31:17 -07:00.prst_sync

43201 drwx 4096 Dec 4 2007 04:34:45 -08:00.installer

13 -rw- 45977 Apr 9 2008 16:48:46 -07:00 target_support_output.tgz.tgz

928862208 bytes total (712273920 bytes free)

Router# copy tftp bootflash:

Address or name of remote host []? 172.17.16.81

Source filename []? /auto/tftp-users/user/asr1000rp1-adventerprisek9.02.01.00.122-33.XNA.binDestination filename [asr1000rp1-

adventerprisek9.02.01.00.122-33.XNA.bin]?

Reference:

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr1000/configuration/guide/chassis/asrswcfg/Packag e_Management.html#78189

QUESTION 53

Which two statements about Cisco Express Forwarding are true? (Choose two.)

A. Cisco Express Forwarding tables contain reachability information and adjacency tables contain forwarding information.

B. Cisco Express Forwarding tables contain forwarding information and adjacency tables contain reachability information.

C. Changing MAC header rewrite strings requires cache validation.

D. Adjacency tables and Cisco Express Forwarding tables can be built separately.

E. Adjacency tables and Cisco Express Forwarding tables require packet process-switching.

Correct Answer: AD

Section: Network Principles

ExplanationExplanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Main Components of CEF

Information conventionally stored in a route cache is stored in several data structures for Cisco Express Forwarding switching. The data structures provide

optimized lookup for efficient packet forwarding. The two main components of Cisco Express Forwarding operation are the forwarding information base (FIB) and

the adjacency tables.

The FIB is conceptually similar to a routing table or information base. A router uses this lookup table to make destination-based switching decisions during Cisco

Express Forwarding operation. The FIB is updated when changes occur in the network and contains all routes known at the time. Adjacency tables maintain Layer

2 next-hop addresses for all FIB entries. This separation of the reachability information (in the Cisco Express Forwarding table) and the forwarding information (in

the adjacency table), provides a number of benefits:

The adjacency table can be built separately from the Cisco Express Forwarding table, allowing both to be built without any packets being process-switched.

The MAC header rewrite used to forward a packet is not stored in cache entries, so changes in a MAC header rewrite string do not require validation of cache

entries.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ipswitch_cef/configuration/15- mt/isw-cef-15-mt-book/isw-cef-overview.html

QUESTION 54

Which TCP feature allows a client to request a specific packet that was lost?

A. flow control

B. sliding window

C. fast recovery

D. selective acknowledgment

Correct Answer: D

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

TCP Selective Acknowledgment

The TCP Selective Acknowledgment feature improves performance if multiple packets are lost from one TCP window of data.

Prior to this feature, because of limited information available from cumulative acknowledgments, a TCP sender could learn about only one lost packet per-roundtrip

time. An aggressive sender could choose to resend packets early, but such re-sent segments might have already been successfully received.

The TCP selective acknowledgment mechanism helps improve performance. The receiving TCP host returns selective acknowledgment packets to the sender,

informing the sender of data that has been received. In other words, the receiver can acknowledge packets received out of order. The sender can then resend only

missing data segments (instead of everything since the first missing packet).

Prior to selective acknowledgment, if TCP lost packets 4 and 7 out of an 8-packet window, TCP would receive acknowledgment of only packets 1, 2, and 3.

Packets 4 through 8 would need to be re-sent. With selective acknowledgment, TCP receives acknowledgment of packets 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Only packets 4 and7 must be re-sent.

TCP selective acknowledgment is used only when multiple packets are dropped within one TCP window. There is no performance impact when the feature is

enabled but not used. Use the ip tcp selective-ack command in global configuration mode to enable TCP selective acknowledgment.

Refer to RFC 2018 for more details about TCP selective acknowledgment.

QUESTION 55

Which two solutions can reduce UDP latency? (Choose two.)

A. fast retransmission

B. fast recovery

C. fast start

D. low-latency queuing

E. IP service level agreements

F. congestion-avoidance algorithm

Correct Answer: DE

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

IP SLA uses active traffic monitoring, which generates traffic in a continuous, reliable, and predictable manner to measure network performance. IP SLA sends

data across the network to measure performance between multiple network locations or across multiple network paths. It simulates network data and IP services,

and collects network performance information in real time. This information is collected:

Response times

One-way latency, jitter (interpacket delay variance)

Packet loss

Network resource availability

LLQ uses the priority command. The priority command allows you to set up classes based on a variety of criteria (not just User Datagram Ports (UDP) ports) and

assign priority to them, and is available for use on serial interfaces and ATM permanent virtual circuits (PVCs). A similar command, the ip rtp priority command,

allows you to stipulate priority flows based only on UDP port numbers. Note: All the other answer choices can be used to improve TCP performance, but not UDP.

References:

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/xr12000/software/xr12k_r4- 2/system_monitoring/configuration/guide/b_sysmon_cg42xr12k/

b_sysmon_cg42xr12k_chapter_011.html http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/fsllq26.html

QUESTION 56

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the argument of the mpls ip cef load-sharing command on the left to the function it performs on the right.

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 57

DRAG DROP

Drag and drop the fragmentation characteristics on the left to the corresponding protocol on the right.

Select and Place:

Correct Answer:

Section: Network Principles

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

QUESTION 58

Refer to the exhibit.

If you change the Spanning Tree Protocol from pvst to rapid-pvst, what is the effect on the interface Fa0/1 port state?

A. It transitions to the listening state, and then the forwarding state.

B. It transitions to the learning state and then the forwarding state.

C. It transitions to the blocking state, then the learning state, and then the forwarding state.

D. It transitions to the blocking state and then the forwarding state.

Correct Answer: C

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

First, the port will transition to the blocking state, immediately upon the change, then it will transition to the new RSTP states of learning and forwarding.

Port States

There are only three port states left in RSTP that correspond to the three possible operational states. The 802.1D disabled, blocking, and listening states are

merged into a unique 802.1w discarding state.

QUESTION 59

Which type of port would have root guard enabled on it?

A. A root port

B. An alternate port

C. A blocked port

D. A designated port

Correct Answer: D

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

The root guard feature provides a way to enforce the root bridge placement in the network.

The root guard ensures that the port on which root guard is enabled is the designated port. Normally, root bridge ports are all designated ports, unless two or more

ports of the root bridge are connected together. If the bridge receives superior STP Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) on a root guard-enabled port, root guard

moves this port to a root-inconsistent STP state. This root- inconsistent state is effectively equal to a listening state. No traffic is forwarded across this port. In this

way, the root guard enforces the position of the root bridge.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree- protocol/10588-74.html

QUESTION 60

Refer to the exhibit.

While troubleshooting high CPU utilization on one of your Cisco Catalyst switches, you find that the issue is due to excessive flooding that is caused by STP. What

can you do to prevent this issue from happening again?

A. Disable STP completely on the switch.

B. Change the STP version to RSTP.

C. Configure PortFast on port-channel 1.

D. Configure UplinkFast on the switch.

E. Configure PortFast on interface Gi0/15.

Correct Answer: E

Section: Layer 2 Technologies

Explanation

Explanation/Reference:

Explanation:

Topology Changes (TC) should be a rare event in a well-configured network. When a link on a switch port goes up or down, there is eventually a TC, once the

STP state of the port is changing to or from forwarding. When the port is flapping, this would cause repetitive TCs and flooding.

Ports with the STP portfast feature enabled will not cause TCs when going to or from the forwarding state. The configuration of portfast on all end-device ports

(such as printers, PCs, and servers) should limit TCs to a low amount and is highly recommended.

Reference. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree- protocol/28943-170.html

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